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Black History

December 29, 1675

How Enslavement Came to Monmouth County

Editor's note: On December 29, 1675, the entrepreneur Lewis Morris purchased a one-half interest in a bog iron property in Monmouth County near Colts Neck.  He built an iron forge on the river in what today is Tinton Falls, and...
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November 8, 1775

A Timeline of the Escaped Slave Titus who Became the Dreaded Loyalist Raider Colonel Tye

On November 8, 1775, a 22-year-old slave named Titus ran away from his owner and master, John Corlies of Colts Neck.  Corlies was a Quaker who did not agree with Monmouth County Quaker views on the handling of slaves.  Quakers during...
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November 15, 1775

Titus Becomes Tye in Lord Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment of Black Loyalist Soldiers

On November 15, 1775, the former Colts Neck slave named Titus, now calling himself simply "Tye," took part in the first armed conflict in American history involving an organized unit of African American soldiers. But they were fighting for the...
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July 15, 1779

Colonel Tye and his Black Brigade Become the Scourge of Monmouth County Patriots

Col. Tye, now based in Refugeetown on Sandy Hook, along with other escaped slaves, black freedmen, and loyalists from Monmouth County as well as elsewhere.  Col. Tye begins a reign of terror, leading raids into his former neighborhoods at the...
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September 1, 1780

The Fatal Showdown Between Colonel Tye and Joshua Huddy

Original illustration exclusively for Monmouth Timeline, ©2021 by Charles Swerdlow, all rights reserved. In the years following the Battle of Monmouth, residents of Monmouth County engaged in an escalating civil war between residents siding with the Revolutionary cause, and residents...
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November 25, 1783

After the Death of Tye, The Black Brigade Soldiers On

Following the death of Colonel Tye, the Black Brigade came under the leadership of the African Bahamian soldier Stephen Blucke, whose Black Pioneers together with the Brigade made frequent raids from Sandy Hook into Long Island and New Jersey even...
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Samual-Johnson-Project-FINAL-1000
March 5, 1886

Samuel Johnson, Victim of a Lynching

Thousands of Black people were the victims of racial terror lynching in the United States between 1865 and 1950, including hundreds of lynchings that took place outside the South. Violent resistance to equal rights for African Americans led to fatal...
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Cedar-View-Cemetery-sign
August 29, 1900

Cedar View Cemetery of Lincroft: A Final Resting Place for Black Families and Civil War Veterans

By John R. Barrows On August 29, 1900, Charles Reeves died, age 80, in Lincroft.  A former slave, he lived his entire life in the Middletown area, and was laid to rest in Cedar View Cemetery.  Charles Reeves was considered...
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October 4, 1901

Lewis O. Summersett – The Man Who Brought T. Thomas Fortune to Monmouth County

Editor’s note: On or about October 4, 1901, a group of African American leaders from Monmouth County gathered in Red Bank to form a new political organization, the Afro-American Republican Union.  Executive committee members included William E. Rock, publisher of...
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May 4, 1902

Booker T. Washington Comes To Red Bank For Historic Meeting with T. Thomas Fortune

On May 4, 1902, Booker T. Washington, described at the time by the Red Bank Register as “probably the foremost negro statesman in the United States,” was hosted by T. Thomas Fortune, the noted African American journalist and advocate, at...
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December 13, 1903

Sonny Greer, Duke Ellington’s Drummer Extraordinaire

On December 13, 1903, William Alexander “Sonny” Greer was born in Long Branch.   Considered one of the greatest jazz percussionists in history, he is most famous for being the immortal bandleader Duke Ellington’s drummer for 30 years. Sonny Greer first...
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August 21, 1904

The Legendary William “Count” Basie

William James "Count" Basie was born on August 21, 1904, in Red Bank. A pianist, he played vaudeville before eventually forming his own big band and helping to define the era of swing with hits like "One O'Clock Jump" and...
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September 8, 1934

The First Separate Battalion to the Rescue

Editor’s note: On September 8, 1934, one of the worst maritime disasters in Monmouth County history occurred when the S.S. Morro Castle, a luxury passenger liner, caught fire during a raging storm that turned the ship into an inferno.  Award-winning...
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September 2, 1945

Dr. Walter McAfee: Camp Evans Mathematician, Scholar, and Scientist

Editor’s note: On September 2, 1945, documents were signed finalizing the surrender of the Empire of Japan to the United States and Allied Forces, ending World War II. Within days, with victory assured, scientists at leading research centers such as...
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April 26, 1946

George Ashby, The Last New Jersey Civil War Veteran

Editor’s Note: On April 26,1946, George Ashby died; he was the last surviving New Jersey Civil War veteran.  This story, by noted New Jersey historian and author Joseph G. Bilby, is excerpted with the author’s permission from his book “Freedom...
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Count Basie
May 4, 1959

Count Basie Wins Two of the First-Ever Grammy Awards

By John R. Barrows On May 4, 1959, the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (NARAS), commonly called the Recording Academy, staged simultaneous award ceremonies in New York City and Beverly Hills, Calif., where 28 prizes were awarded to...
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June 3, 1959

Sam Mills, the Greatest Football Player in Monmouth County History

By John R. Barrows They all said Sam Mills was too small.  His entire life, at every step, too small. Too small even for small college football.  MUCH too small to be a pro football player, especially a linebacker.  At...
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June 24, 1961

Frank Budd, World’s Fastest Human

On June 24, 1961, at the AAU Championships at Downing Stadium in New York City, Frank Budd became the first man to run the 100-yard dash in 9.2 seconds, setting a new world record (he is pictured above setting the...
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October 8, 1966

Dr. Martin Luther King’s 1966 Speech at Monmouth College

Editor’s note: A complete transcript of Dr. King's address to Monmouth College is available online here: https://www.monmouth.edu/about/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2019/01/MLKJrSpeechatMonmouth.pdf And an audio recording is available here: https://www.monmouth.edu/about/dr-martin-luther-king-jr/. On October 6, 1966, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., described by a local newspaper at...
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May 23, 2019

The T. Thomas Fortune Cultural Center in Red Bank

On May 23, 2019, the T. Thomas Fortune Cultural Center officially opened in Red Bank. This new community orgnaization is headquartered in the fully restored T. Thomas Fortune House, one of the most historically significant properties in the United States....
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December 31, 2020

Thrice-Told Tales That Urgently Need Retelling

Book review by John R. Barrows Stories of Slavery in New Jersey, by Rick Geffken, ©2021 The History Press, Charleston, S.C., forward by Walter D. Greason, Ph.D.  206 pages, $21.99.  Available January 4, 2021. There are a number of good...
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