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Monmouth County Timeline

"Loyalist Retribution at Monmouth Court House, 1778," by Peter Cerella, ©2023, commissioned by Monmouth Timeline Inc.
June 27, 1778

The Sack of Monmouth Court House

June 27 was supposed to be a day of rest, and for most of British Lt. General Sir Henry Clinton's troops, it was.  But for some, it was an opportunity not to be missed, an opportunity for retribution. General Clinton’s...
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Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. Monmouth County Historical Association, used with permission.
June 28, 1778

The Battle of Monmouth

Editor’s note: The following is adapted from the Battle of Monmouth Fact Sheet published by the Friends of the Monmouth Battlefield. On Sunday, June 28, 1778, an American army of about 14,500, including about 1,000 militia, engaged a British army...
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Charles Lee Esq'r. - major general of the Continental-Army in America. Probst, Johann Michael, engraver. Created between 1776 and 1790. Library of Congress, public domain.
August 12, 1778

Continential Army Major General Charles Lee Convicted at Court-Martial

On August 12, 1778, just two weeks after the Battle of Monmouth during the Revolutionary War, Major General Charles Lee was convicted at his court-martial of all three charges laid against him for his conduct during the early stages of...
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Engraving of Joshua Huddy home in Colts Neck by Barber, John Warner, & Howe, Henry. (1844). Historical collections of the State of New Jersey: Containing a General Collection of the Most Interesting Facts, Traditions, Biographical Sketches, Anecdotes, etc. Relating to its History and Antiquities, with Geographical Descriptions of Every Township in the State Illustrated by 120 Engravings. Pub. for the authors, by S. Tuttle, New York, N.Y., 1844.
October 27, 1778

Joshua Huddy, Innkeeper

On October 27, 1778, Huddy married Catherine Applegate Hart, the widow of Levy Hart, a Jewish tavern keeper in Colts Neck who had died in 1775.  Although Protestants, Catherine Applegate and her sister Hannah both married prosperous Jews in Monmouth...
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Cover art for book "The Razing of Tinton Falls" by Michael Adelberg.
June 10, 1779

The Razing of Tinton Falls: 16 Dead in Waterfront Fighting Between Monmouth County Patriots and Loyalists

On June 10, 1779, a raiding party of about 100 Loyalists left British-controlled Sandy Hook and attacked Tinton Falls for the second time in six weeks, seeking guns, ammunition, food, supplies, and to arrest local leaders of the militia.  The...
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Original illustration: Colonel Tye, by Charlie Swerdlow. Commissioned by Monmouth Timeline, Inc. ©2021 Charlie Swerdlow, History Depicted. Image courtesy Monmouth County Historical Association, used with permission.
July 15, 1779

Colonel Tye and his Black Brigade Become the Scourge of Monmouth County Patriots

Col. Tye, now based in Refugeetown on Sandy Hook, along with other escaped slaves, black freedmen, and loyalists from Monmouth County as well as elsewhere.  Col. Tye begins a reign of terror, leading raids into his former neighborhoods at the...
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The Middletown Militia Secures their Prize, by Steve Schreiber.
December 28, 1779

The Capture of the British Privateer Britannia by the Middletown Militia

By Maureen Foster Sandy Hook and the neighboring Highlands of the Navesink have always played an important role in the safety and defense of New York harbor. During the Revolutionary War (1776-1783), British troops and Loyalist refugees occupied Sandy Hook,...
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A swivel gun mounted on the American topsail schooner Lynx. © BrokenSphere / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0).
August 5, 1780

Joshua Huddy, Privateer

On August 5, 1780, Joshua Huddy received a privateer’s commission.  Though best known for his exploits on land, Huddy also supported the revolutionary cause on water, attacking and seizing British ships both to hamper enemy operations and to earn the...
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The Fatal Showdown Between Colonel Tye and Joshua Huddy, original illustration. Commissioned by Monmouth Timeline, ©2021, Charlie Swerdlow, History Depicted.
September 1, 1780

The Fatal Showdown Between Colonel Tye and Joshua Huddy

Original illustration exclusively for Monmouth Timeline, ©2021 by Charles Swerdlow, all rights reserved. In the years following the Battle of Monmouth, residents of Monmouth County engaged in an escalating civil war between residents siding with the Revolutionary cause, and residents...
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Oil painting: Battle of the Virginia Capes, 5 September 1781 by V. Zveg, 1962. U.S. Navy Art Collection, Washington, D.C. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. Public domain.
September 20, 1781

Battle of the Chesapeake

On September 20, 1781, Royal Navy Admiral Graves' fleet sailed from Virginia back to Sandy Hook after sustaining sufficient damage and loss at the hands of the French navy at the Battle of the Chesapeake (also known as the Battle...
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Photo of scale model of Revolutionary War whaleboat from the New Jersey Maritime Museum.
October 5, 1781

Privateer Adam Hyler, In Rowboats, Captures Five British Ships

On October 5, 1781, Captain Adam Hyler of New Brunswick led yet another attack on British and Loyalist merchant vessels in Raritan Bay; on this occasion, he and his oarsmen captured five valuable British ships within a quarter mile of...
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Bronze tablet commemorating the capture of Joshua Huddy at the block house at Toms River.
March 24, 1782

Joshua Huddy is Captured Again; No Escape This Time

On February 1, 1782, Joshua Huddy was given command of the blockhouse at Toms River that was built to protect the local salt works.    On March 24, 1782, Huddy finally faced a challenge he could not overcome.  Commanding 25...
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Joshua Huddy led from prison to be hanged, 1782 (c1880). A print from Cassell's History of the United States, by Edmund Ollier, Volume II, Cassell Petter and Galpin, London, page 450. Public Domain.
April 12, 1782

Up Goes Huddy

On April 12, 1782, about six months after the British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, effectively ending the Revolutionary War, Patriot militia Captain Joshua Huddy was removed from the infamous British Liberty Street Sugar House prison in New York...
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Photograph of bronze commemorative tablet marking the site where Joshua Huddy was hanged in Highlands, N.J. Image credit: John R. Barrows
April 14, 1782

Outrage Over the Martyred Joshua Huddy

When a group of Middletowners discovered Huddy’s body hanging from a makeshift gallows on a spring day in 1782, an overturned barrel at his feet and a vengeful placard on his breast, they had no idea that Huddy’s death would...
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Photo of Black Loyalist soldier. Cropped screen capture from PBS "Liberty! The American Revolution."
November 25, 1783

After the Death of Tye, The Black Brigade Soldiers On

Following the death of Colonel Tye, the Black Brigade came under the leadership of the African Bahamian soldier Stephen Blucke, whose Black Pioneers together with the Brigade made frequent raids from Sandy Hook into Long Island and New Jersey even...
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Image of the text of "An Act Concerning Wrecks." Image credit: State Library of New Jersey, Public Domain.
May 31, 1799

Early Legislative History of New Jersey State Laws Concerning Wrecks

Overview In 1799, the New Jersey House of Assembly passed a new law entitled “An act concerning wrecks,” which would be revised and amended a number of times over subsequent years.  The intent of the law was to establish that...
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Photo of the Row House from The Historic Village at Allaire.
April 27, 1822

James P. Allaire Purchases Land in Monmouth County for the Howell Works Iron Foundry

On April 27, 1822, master mechanic and engineer James P. Allaire purchased a number of tracts of land, mostly in southern Monmouth County, from Wm. Newbold, which included an iron foundry. Allaire sought to develop this site to produce casting...
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Postcard image of the original Twin Lights of Navesink.
May 18, 1826

The Original Twin Lights of Navesink

On May 18, 1826, the U.S. Congress appropriated funds for a new lighthouse to be located in Highlands, which would become known as the Twin Lights of Navesink. Congress allocated funds to allow 2¾ acres of land to be purchased...
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January 6, 1832

Wreckers! The Land Pirates of Monmouth County

Either the Barnegat Pirates are the most infamous scoundrels upon the face of the earth, or they are a much injured set of men.   New Jersey State Senator Alexander Wurts of Hunterdon County, in a resolution adopted by the...
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Cenotaph for Joshua Huddy; his final resting place is in an unknown location on the grounds of the Old Tennent Churchyard. Photo by Lindsey40186. Created: 19 June 2004. Used under terms of Creative Commons.
February 14, 1837

The Legacy of Joshua Huddy

In 1836, Huddy's surviving daughter, Martha Piatt, wrote to Congress that the nation had never expressed its gratitude to Huddy and asked for money and land for herself and her late sister's children.  On February 14, 1837, a special committee of...
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